Almost a quarter of England's sixth forms and colleges did not produce any pupils with A-level grades good enough to go to top universities, data shows.
Some 594 (23.4%) of the 2,540 schools teaching A-levels had no pupils with the two As and a B in the subjects needed for top degree courses.
The data also shows some 215 schools missed the new government target of 40% of pupils obtaining five A*-C GCSEs.
The BBC is publishing its league tables for secondary schools in England.
The tables are drawn up from the latest official government data on pupils' academic achievement.
Overall they cover achievement in more than 4,000 mainstream state and independent schools, based mainly on the results of last summer's exams for 16- and 18-year-olds. In total, 2,540 schools and colleges in England run A-level courses.
Talent poolMuch has been made of the inability of leading universities to recruit more bright students from a wider set of backgrounds. But this data shows that many schools are not producing students of a high enough calibre to get places at such universities.
It also shows that in only two schools did more than 70% of pupils obtain two As and a B in what is known as the "facilitating" subjects favoured by the 20 Russell Group and other leading universities. And in only 16 schools did 50% or more pupils achieve these grades.
These subjects are mathematics and further mathematics, English literature, physics, biology, chemistry, geography, history and languages (both classical and modern).
Leading universities introduced this list to identify the very best students and to ensure others students were not getting places after taking "softer" A-levels.
GCSE resultsAt GCSE level nationally, 59.4% of pupils in both maintained and independent schools reached the government's benchmark of five GCSEs (or equivalent qualifications) graded A* to C, including English and maths - up from 58.2% in 2011.
The best performing local authority was Kensington and Chelsea, where 79.6% of pupils achieved this standard.
The worst performing authority was Knowsley on Merseyside, where 40.9% of pupils got five good GCSEs.
Colyton Grammar School in Devon was ranked as the top school on the basis of its GCSE results.
In total, 113 schools saw 100% of pupils getting five GCSEs A*-C or equivalent, including maths and English, down from 158 in 2011.
The schools with the lowest GCSE results was the selective Pate's Grammar school in Cheltenham, where 0% of pupils reached this benchmark.
However, this result was because pupils sat new English exams which the Department for Education does not recognise for the purpose of performance data.
Pate's head teacher Russell Ellicott said: "We decided to move our English curriculum to an IGCSE, not currently counted in the league tables, because we decided that particular curriculum included a greater depth of learning, having fewer texts but students look at them in greater detail."
Excluding Pate's Grammar, the school with the lowest GCSE results was the Rushden Community College in Northamptonshire, where 6% of pupils got five A*-C GCSEs, including maths and English.
Head teacher Mark Lester said the college had entered pupils for English language and English exams but not English literature, which he said is the one counted by the DfE.
"Because of the decision made by the DfE about which English specification counts, we fall foul of that particular loophole."
Mr Lester said that if his pupils' English exams had been counted, their pass rate including English and maths would have been 46%.
English Bac
The performance data also shows what proportion of pupils got the English Baccalaureate.
This new measure, introduced in 2010, is the proportion of pupils achieving A*-C passes in English, maths, two science subjects, a modern or ancient language, and either history or geography.
Nationally across all pupils, 18.3% got the wrap-around qualification, up from 15.4% in 2011.
The Department for Education hailed the success of its academy schools in the performance data.
It said sponsored academies were improving results at a record rate - more than five times as quickly than in all state-funded schools - with an increase of 3.1 percentage points. This compares to a 0.6 percentage point improvement across all state-funded schools.
But many of these would have been performing at a higher level, as sponsored academies tend to be struggling schools which are converted to academies because of their difficulties.
The department said the results revealed "the amazing power of academy sponsors to turn around underperforming schools - often schools which have been persistently substandard".
"This shows we are right to continue to support the sponsored academy programme. These brilliant sponsors have a track record of arresting decline - and then reversing it."
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