US Vice-President Joe Biden has said the US stands with Ukraine's new leaders in facing "humiliating threats".
He was speaking during a meeting in parliament in Kiev, as part of a show of support for Kiev's new pro-Western government.
He also had talks with acting President Olexander Turchynov and interim Prime Minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk.
Meanwhile, funerals were due to take place for three men shot on Sunday.
The men were killed during a raid on a checkpoint manned by pro-Russian separatists near the town of Sloviansk in eastern Ukraine.
The circumstances remain unclear. The local separatists said the attack was carried out by ultra-nationalist Right Sector militants. Kiev called it a "provocation" staged by Russian special forces.
'Hotheads'Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov accused the Kiev authorities on Monday of breaking last week's Geneva accord on resolving the Ukraine crisis.
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The BBC's Natalia Antelava visited a protest camp in Luhansk
He said the Kiev government - not recognised by Moscow - had not moved to disarm illegal groups, especially Right Sector.
The authorities in Kiev say they were surprised by Mr Lavrov's remarks and blame Russia for the instability.
A phone conversation between the US secretary of state and Russia's foreign minister earlier led to both sides blaming the other over the crisis.
In a phone call, Mr Lavrov urged US Secretary of State John Kerry "to influence Kiev, to prevent hotheads there from provoking a bloody conflict," according to the Kremlin.
Meanwhile, the US state department said Mr Kerry "urged Russia to take concrete steps to help implement the Geneva agreement, including publicly calling on separatists to vacate illegal buildings and checkpoints".
Judging by the contrasting accounts of its contents, the conversation simply led to both sides blaming the other for the fact that very little has changed in Ukraine since agreement was reached last Thursday, says the BBC's David Willis in Washington.
The US has drawn up plans for further economic sanctions should Russia fail to make good on its Geneva commitments, our correspondent adds.
Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev told the Russian parliament on Tuesday that Russia would be able to "minimise the consequences" of any further sanctions.
Appeals for unityThe 17 April Geneva accord was agreed at talks between Russia, Ukraine, the EU and US. It demanded an immediate end to violence in eastern Ukraine and called on illegal armed groups to surrender their weapons and leave official buildings.
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Sergei Lavrov: "All signs show that Kiev can't, and maybe doesn't want to, control the extremists who continue to call the shots"
Pro-Russian militants are still holding official buildings in at least nine towns and cities in the Donetsk region of eastern Ukraine.
The interim authorities in Kiev said they had suspended operations against pro-Russian militants over Easter, and appealed for national unity.
They promised to meet some of the demands of pro-Russian protesters, which include the decentralisation of power and guarantees for the status of the Russian language.
Technical assistanceThe Ukrainian government has released photos that it says show Russian soldiers among militants holding official buildings in eastern Ukraine.
The photos appeared to identify Russian soldiers, and show similarly equipped and armed fighters in different cities in eastern Ukraine.
There was no immediate response to the pictures from the Russian government.
The pictures were handed to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and distributed by the US State Department.
Mr Biden is expected to announce technical support to the Kiev government, including economic and energy-related assistance.
The White House said President Barack Obama agreed Mr Biden should make the two-day visit to Ukraine's capital to send a high-level signal of support for the reform efforts of Kiev's pro-Western government.
The elections on 25 May are seen as a crucial step in leading Ukraine out of the country's deepest political crisis since its independence in 1991.
Ukraine has been in turmoil since last November, when Kiev was gripped by protests against President Viktor Yanukovych over his rejection of an economic pact with the EU. He was toppled in February and fled to Russia.
Russia then annexed Crimea following a regional referendum that approved joining the Russian federation. The annexation provoked international outrage.
Russian President Vladimir Putin on Monday submitted a bill to parliament to establish a gambling zone in Crimea.
The president approved a law making it easier for people in former Soviet republics to apply for Russian citizenship.
He also signed a decree to rehabilitate Crimea's Muslim Tatars and other ethnic minorities who suffered during the rule of Soviet dictator Josef Stalin.
The 300,000-strong Tatar community - which makes up 15% of Crimea's population - opposed the peninsula's incorporation into Russia last month.
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