The US and Russian foreign ministers, John Kerry and Sergei Lavrov, are meeting for a second round of talks on how to secure Syria's chemical weapons.
But their talks in Geneva with UN-Arab League envoy Lakhdar Brahimi began with the wider issue of peace in Syria.
Speaking afterwards, the three men said they had agreed to meet again later in the month to prepare for a long-delayed peace conference.
Mr Kerry and Mr Lavrov are trying to reach agreement on the weapons' issue.
The BBC's Paul Adams in Geneva says it appears large disagreements still exist between the two governments.
Meanwhile, the Syrian rebels say President Bashar al-Assad's decision to give up his chemical arsenal will not stop the killing.
Free Syrian Army spokesperson Louay Moqdad told the BBC government forces still have plenty of conventional weapons at their disposal and the move is an attempt to "buy time" with the help of the Russians.
The leaders of Syria's key allies, China, Russia and Iran - who are meeting at a regional summit in Kyrgyzstan - welcomed Damascus's decision to join the Chemical Weapons Convention.
Russian President Vladimir Putin called it an "an important step towards the resolution of the Syrian crisis" and said it showed the "serious intention" of President Assad "to follow this path".
Syrian conditionsUN-Arab League envoy Lakhdar Brahimi met Mr Kerry and Mr Lavrov at the UN headquarters in Geneva in an attempt to keep diplomatic efforts to resolve the Syria conflict on the table.
Calling the meeting constructive, Mr Kerry said they planned to meet again on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly in New York later in the month to try and set a date for the so-called Geneva 2 conference.
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John Kerry said he was serious about ''meaningful'' negotiations to resolve the crisis in Syria
Mr Kerry and Mr Lavrov will continue their talks on finding common ground on the question of bringing Syria's chemical weapons under international control, which could continue over the weekend.
After their first meeting, on Thursday, the two men said they hoped to avoid the threat of US military action against Syria.
Russia announced its proposal for dealing with the escalating chemical weapons crisis on Monday, as the US Congress was preparing to debate whether to back President Barack Obama's moves towards military strikes.
The UN has confirmed it has received documents from Syria on joining the Chemical Weapons Convention, a key step in the Russian plan.
President Assad said data on chemical weapons would start to be passed to the UN after 30 days.
5-6 Sep: Vladimir Putin and Barack Obama discuss idea of placing Syria's chemical weapons under international control on sidelines of G20 summit
9 Sep: Russia's Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov says he has urged Syria to hand in chemical weapons and have them destroyed; Syria welcomes plan
10 Sep: Syria's foreign minister makes first public admission of the regime's chemical weapons stockpile; Syria commits to Russian plan. Mr Obama postpones Congress vote on military action and says he will give Russian plan a chance
12 Sep: US Secretary of State John Kerry meets Mr Lavrov in Geneva
13 Sep: Second round of Geneva talks to take place
But Mr Kerry rejected this, saying such standard procedures were not relevant when chemical weapons had already been used.
Washington accuses the Syrian government of killing hundreds of people in a chemical attack in the Ghouta area of the capital, Damascus, on 21 August. The government denies the allegation, blaming rebels.
In an interview with Russian TV, President Assad cautioned that Russia's proposal was "not unilateral", adding: "Syria will accept it if America stops military threats and if other countries supplying the rebels with chemical weapons also abide by the agreement."
Syria's envoy to the UN, Bashar Jaafari, later said that "legally speaking", Syria was now a full member of the convention.
'Not a game'While UN chief Ban Ki-moon welcomed the application, the UN would not immediately confirm that it had been accepted.
Diplomats said it was possible that the application still had missing elements and it could be sent back to Damascus.
Before Thursday's talks, Mr Kerry said the world was watching to see whether the Assad government would honour its commitments to give up its chemical arsenal.
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Sergei Lavrov said solving the chemical weapons issue would make a strike on the Syrian Arab Republic "unnecessary''
"This is not a game. It has to be real, it has to be comprehensive, it has to be verifiable, it has to be credible, it has to be... implemented in a timely fashion. Finally, there ought to be consequences if it doesn't take place," he said.
Mr Lavrov said a "solution" to the chemical weapons issue in Syria would make any military strike by the United States unnecessary.
The US and Russia have sent large teams to Geneva that include weapons experts as well as diplomats.
If the talks in Geneva are successful, the US hopes the disarmament process will be agreed in a UN Security Council resolution.
However, Russia regards as unacceptable any resolution backed by military force, or a resolution that blames the Syrian government for chemical attacks.
Moscow has already objected to a draft resolution that would be enforced by Chapter VII of the UN charter, which would in effect sanction the use of force if Syria failed in its obligations.
Russia, supported by China, has blocked three previous draft resolutions condemning the Assad government.
More than 100,000 people have died since the uprising against President Assad began in 2011.
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