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The BBC's James Reynolds explains what might happen over the next two days
World powers have begun their first nuclear negotiations with Iran since Hassan Rouhani became the country's president in August.
Seen as a relative moderate, Mr Rouhani has said he wants a deal on Iran's nuclear programme within six months.
No breakthrough is expected in the initial two days of talks in Geneva, but Iran's foreign minister said he hoped a "roadmap" could be agreed.
The West suspects Iran of seeking a nuclear arms capability.
Tehran denies the claim, saying its nuclear programme is for peaceful purposes only.
'Resolution path'Analysis
James Reynolds BBC Iran correspondent, Geneva
Iranian President Hassan Rouhani's promise of a new start between his country and the West will be tested here, not far from the banks of Lake Geneva.
Iran's team is led by Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif. He's an energetic, US-educated diplomat who communicates at length via Facebook and who ended a recent Twitter post with three exclamation marks.
Iranian officials say they will present a roadmap aimed at ending the decade-long dispute over the nature of their country's nuclear programme.
Officials from the group of world powers say they are open to hearing Iran's ideas. They want the Islamic Republic to take specific steps to prevent it from ever being able to make nuclear weapons.
In return, they promise to lift some of the sanctions which have been imposed in recent years.
Iran is holding discussions with representatives of the so-called P5+1 group, made up of Britain, China, France, Russia and the US plus Germany.
EU spokesman Michael Mann said they were taking place in a "positive atmosphere".
He said the P+5 group was looking forward to discussing Iran's latest proposal and expressed "cautious optimism".
The Iranian team is led by Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif, although much of the actual negotiating is expected to be delegated to his deputy, Abbas Araqchi.
"Tomorrow [Monday] is the start of a difficult and relatively time-consuming way forward," Mr Zarif posted on his Facebook page.
"I am hopeful that by Wednesday we can reach agreement on a roadmap to find a path towards resolution."
These are the first such talks since President Rouhani took office in August, and this has raised hopes that a deal can be reached.
International negotiators say they want Tehran to take specific steps to prevent it from ever being able to make nuclear weapons, the BBC's James Reynolds in Geneva reports.
In return, they promise to lift some of the international sanctions which have been imposed in recent years.
However, the West has hinted that it will be difficult to clinch a deal in just two days of talks.
Previous negotiating stances
In April 2013, the P5+1 proposed that Iran:
- Cease enrichment to 20%
- Ship most of stockpile of 20%-enriched uranium abroad, keeping some for Tehran research reactor
- Accept comprehensive verification regime
- Address questions about military research activity
Iran responded by demanding P5+1:
- Recognise Iran's "right" to enrich uranium
- Ease all UN, US and EU sanctions
"No-one should expect a breakthrough overnight," said a senior US official, speaking on condition of anonymity.
Uranium pledgeWestern nations have demanded that Iran halt the production and stockpiling of uranium enriched to 20% - a step away from achieving a nuclear weapons capability.
They also want Iran to send some of its stockpiles abroad, and shut down the Fordo production site, near Qom, where most of the higher-grade enrichment work is done.
Since 2006 the UN Security Council has imposed a series of sanctions - including asset freezes and travel bans - on entities and people involved in Iran's nuclear programme.
Separate US and the European Union sanctions have targeted Iran's energy and banking sectors, crippling its oil-based economy.
Tehran wants the sanctions lifted.
Mr Araqchi insisted on Sunday that there could be no question of Iran relinquishing its stockpiles of enriched uranium.
Iranian media reactions
- State-run Channel One TV: "America... has shown an inconsistent position: at times it has talked about Iran's nuclear rights, while on other occasions it has talked of the military option being on the table."
- Hardline daily Keyhan: "The current atmosphere of romance and delusion does not reflect reality. America is not seeking reconciliation but is after destroying Iran's dignity and pride."
- Conservative daily Javan: "The negotiating parties should keep in mind that the opportunity to reach an agreement with Iran may not arise again in the future."
- Moderate daily Arman: "The fact that the talks are taking place and a preliminary agreement on further talks may be reached should be seen as progress in Iran's nuclear negotiations."
"We will not allow even a gram of uranium to go out of the country," he said, quoted on the website of Iranian state TV.
Israeli warningOn Monday, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said it would be wrong to ease pressure on Tehran.
Speaking in parliament, he said that any move to let up on the Iranian government would only strengthen its "uncompromising elements", and Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei "will be perceived as the winner".
In reference to the current international sanctions against Iran, he said it would be "a historical mistake to lift the sanctions, just before they are really effective".
But in the US - which has also shown a tough stance against lifting sanctions on Iran - nine leading senators said they were open to the idea of suspending new sanctions if Tehran took significant steps to slow its nuclear programme.
In a letter to President Barack Obama, the senators emphasised that, in the meantime, the threat of military force should remain.
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